Celebrating our 24/7/365 history, check out the Top 10 June Black History moments. And holla if there are additional ones that need to be added to the list—besides my wife’s birthday (June 30)!
Pulitzer Prize-winning poet Gwendolyn Brooks born
On June 7, 1917, poet Gwendolyn Brooks, the first African American to win the Pulitzer Prize (Poetry, 1950), was born. Brooks, who was also an author and educator, was born in Topeka, Kansas but spent much of her life in Chicago. Her work often dealt with the personal celebrations and struggles of ordinary people in her community. Though Brooks’ first teaching experience was at the University of Chicago, she taught all across the country at several other schools, including Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago State University, Elmhurst College, Columbia University, and the City College of New York
Medgar taken from us
On June 12, 1963, the legendary civil rights leader, voting advocate and mentor to countless young people engaged in the Civil Rights Movement, Medgar W. Evers, was assassinated in Jackson, Miss, by a perpetrator of white domestic terrorism. Evers was 39 years old when he was murdered, yet his spirit and courage continue to inspire many to this day.
Angela Davis acquitted
On June 4, 1972, Black Power advocate Angela Davis was acquitted of all bogus murder and conspiracy charges brought against her by the U.S. government. Calls to “Free Angela” helped to galvanize thousands of people to the movement, pushing back against the general oppression of Black people and the FBI’s specific COINTELPRO operations that sought to undermine legitimate Black leadership by illegitimate, illegal and unconstitutional means, using wire-tapping and outright violence, working in tandem with state and local police forces. Davis, an avowed socialist, continues to fight for justice and the empowerment of all to this day.
Military Prowess
On June 19, 1864, U.S. Navy seaman, Joachim Pease earned the Congressional Medal of Honor for his brave actions in battle. In June 1877, Henry O. Flipper became the first African American to graduate from West Point. On June 4, 1922, the Navy’s first Black admiral, Samuel Gravely, was born in Richmond, Virginia. And on June 22, 1959, Benjamin O. Davis Jr. became the first African-American general in the U.S. Air Force. His father, Benjamin O. Davis Sr., had been the first Black U.S. Army general.
Juneteenth was born
Even though the Emancipation Proclamation technically freed all enslaved persons in 1863, it was not until June 19, 1865 when U.S. General Gordon Granger read General Orders No. 3 in Galveston, saying, “The people of Texas are informed that, in accordance with a proclamation from the Executive of the United States, all slaves are free,” that “freedom” came. On paper, at least, this decree freed more than 250,000 enslaved Blacks. However, as internationally lauded historian and University of Houston professor, Dr. Gerald Horne, shares in his book “The Counter Revolution of 1836: Texas Slavery & Jim Crow and the Roots of American Fascism,” it was the oft-ignored “war” Granger’s roughly 2,000 predominantly Black troops waged against enslavers who refused to acknowledge the new law of the land that made freedom possible. Horne reveals that Black troops engaged in numerous bloody battles with white enslavers and their armed forces, defeating them on the battlefield we call America, and thus making Juneteenth quite literally a Black Liberation holiday. But wait; the story gets even Blacker!
These same Black troops again saved the nation two years later, on June 19, 1867, when they put down an insurrection led by ex-Confederate soldiers working with the French, who moved their base of operations to Mexico with plans of re-taking Texas for the confederacy as step one in restarting the Civil War. Horne writes: “It’s not only June 19, 1865, that we should mark, but also June 19, 1867, because that’s when the French leader Maximillian was killed, which marks the end of the attempt to continue our enslavement in Mexico.” So, in the words of Outkast’s Big Boi, Black soldiers boldly told the forces of the myth of white supremacy, “Take that MF, take that!”
Wilma Rudolph begins her run
On June 23, 1940, track icon Wilma Rudolph was born in Saint Bethlehem, Tennessee. Rudolph overcame polio and became the fastest woman in the world. In 1960, she won three gold medals at the Olympic Games in Rome, Italy.
Chaney, Goodman and Schwerner
On June 21, 1964, three civil rights workers (James Chaney, Andrew Goodman and Michael Schwerner) disappeared near Philadelphia, Miss., and were later found murdered. Seven Ku Klux Klan members, opposed to a Black voting rights campaign, were indicted for the killings, but none served more than six years in prison. The incident became one of the major sparks of the then-young Civil Rights Movement. Justice for the three was finally completed in June 2005 when the leader of the group of klansmen — Edgar Ray “The Preacher” Killen — was convicted of their murders, ironically, on June 21, 2005 — 41 years to the day that Chaney, Goodman and Schwerner were murdered.
Thurgood Marshall nominated to serve on the SCOTUS
On June 27, 1991. Supreme Court Justice legend Thurgood Marshall announced his retirement. Though Marshall was confirmed as the first Black person to serve as a US Supreme Court Justice on Aug. 30, 1967, then President Lyndon Baines Johnson nominated Marshall in June 1967 to replace the retiring Justice Tom Clark. Johnson said Marshall was “best qualified by training and by very valuable service to the country. … I believe it is the right thing to do, the right time to do it, the right man and the right place.” Marshall courageously served 24 years on the SCOTUS before retiring.
Ali takes a stand
On June 20, 1967, World Heavyweight Boxing Champion Muhammad Ali was convicted in a Houston federal court of violating the Selective Service Act by refusing to be inducted into the armed services. Ali was fined $10,000 and given five years in prison, even though he took the legal position of being a “religious objector” to the Vietnam War. Ali stated plainly he was no draft dodger, hiding in a foreign land. Rather, he stood his ground saying he would willingly accept any punishment rather than betray his principles. The SCOTUS later overturned the conviction, but not after Ali lost 3 ½ prime boxing years.
When asked why he refused to go to Vietnam, Ali often said, “No Vietnamese ever called me N**ger” and that “I’m not gonna help somebody get something that Negroes don’t have. If I’m going to die, I’ll die now right here fighting you. You’re (white people) my enemy… You’re my opposer when I want freedom. You’re my opposer when I want justice. You’re my opposer when I want equality. You won’t even stand up for me in America for my religious beliefs, and you want me to go somewhere and fight, but you won’t even stand up for me here at home.”
It was this stance against global white imperialism, (neo) colonialism and militarism, coupled with his boxing accomplishments, that cemented Ali in the minds of the world’s majority that he was, without a doubt, the greatest of all time.
Apology, but no reparations (WTH?!?)
On June 19, 2009, the U.S. Congress issued a formal apology to Black Americans for the enslavement of our ancestors, acknowledging the “fundamental injustice, cruelty, brutality and inhumanity of slavery and Jim Crow laws” that followed. However, the resolution specifically rejected paying Blacks reparations for past, discrimination, mistreatment and brutality.
